(A) Suppressor tRNA readthrough strategy. Natural tRNAs with engineered anticodons are charged with canonical amino acids to enable readthrough of the premature termination codon (PTC). (B) Unnatural ...

The process of 'translation' in protein synthesis involves formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids that are attached to two distinct transfer RNAs (tRNAs). For long, scientists have been ...

Yale researchers, in collaboration with scientists from Stanford, Columbia and Sweden have engineered synthetic tRNAs that are able to effectively introduce selenocysteine amino acids into any protein ...

A tRNA that recognizes the codon for tryptophan and delivers this amino acid to the ribosome. (Note 5) 2′-O-methylcytidine (Cm): A modified nucleoside in which the 2′-OH group of the ribose in ...

The various identities of cells, whether they are in the brain, heart, kidney, or any other tissue, are defined by the genes they expressed. In basic terms, the genes that are active in a cell are ...

Scientists trying to engineer biologic molecules with new functions have long felt limited by the 20 amino-acid building blocks. Researchers are working to develop ways of putting new building ...

Elongation, a crucial step in the translation process of protein synthesis, gets disrupted by amino acid sequences with an abundance of N-terminal aspartic and glutamic acid residues in eukaryotic ...

Alltrna, the preclinical Flagship Pioneering-backed biotech trying to turn transfer RNA (tRNA) into drugs, is slimming down as it works toward the clinic. The Massachusetts-based outfit has laid off ...

Long before dinosaurs munched on leafy greens or photosynthesizing algae soaked up the sun, a lifeless soup of simple molecules floated through the watery and rocky landscape of early planet Earth.