Using hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, researchers revealed how oxygen vacancies and structural disorder influence subgap state formation. The figure shows the InGaZnO 4 crystal structure, the ...
(Nanowerk News) For more than 100 years, scientists have been using X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of crystalline materials such as metals, rocks, and ceramics. This technique works ...
In a new publication from Opto-Electronic Advances; DOI 10.29026/oea.2022.210036, authors from the Laser Engineering Group in the School of Engineering at the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, ...